Nanotechnology involves working at the atomic scale, roughly one-billionth of a meter in size. At this scale, materials behave in ways that are very different when they are combined with others to form molecules, compounds, and so forth. Nanotechnology is now a rapidly-growing field, particularly in scientifically advanced countries (over US$ 4 billion in government research and development in 2005, with far more from the private sector). Nano-particles are so small that they can enter cells that are impermeable to larger particles. Hence their use in cosmetics, for example, could carry health implications. Further, nano-particles have a large surface area relative to their volume, enhancing their chemical and electrical properties and increasing the risk that they could lead to damaging reactions within a cell they had invaded.
The field of nanotechnology is virtually unregulated today, and few, if any, studies have been done about possible impacts on biodiversity. Like any new and powerful technology, nanotechnology should be approached with caution, and the application of the precautionary approach would seem appropriate. IUCN would welcome hearing from its Members about any work that is being carried on in the field of biodiversity and nanotechnology. In the meantime, the Secretariat will be alert to any such research, and will report back to Members.
